
Light-Activated Muscle
The blue dot represents a pulse of blue light used to activate skeletal
muscle grown in a lab. This light-sensitive genetically engineered
tissue is being used to build highly articulated machines.
Harry Asada via MIT News
New generations of bio-inspired robots will be more than just
inspired by nature — they may use actual biological components.
Bioengineers at MIT have genetically modified muscle cells to respond to light, which could be used to make easily controllable robot muscles that look and act like the animals on which they're based.
This is the first time tough, powerful skeletal muscle has been
modified to react to light. Optogenetics researchers have done it with
cardiac cells, which are already primed to beat on their own — now
skeletal muscle, which normally requires some outside stimulus, can
contract and expand at the command of light bursts. Harry Asada, an
engineering professor at MIT, said it’s more effective and less bulky
than stimulating muscle with electrodes, especially for a robotics
system where light weight and mobility are key.
What's more, the engineered muscle is pretty tough — to test its
force, the team attached strips of muscle fiber to two tiny flexible
posts inside a microwell. As the fibers contract, they pul the posts
together, allowing the researchers to calculate its force. This could
even be used as an artificial muscle gym, flexing the fibers to keep
them in top shape.
The goal is to use strips of engineered muscle fibers to build
flexible, realistic robots, which may swim inside the body’s blood
vessels or run across a room. “With bio-inspired designs, biology is a
metaphor, and robotics is the tool to make it happen,” Asada said. “With
bio-integrated designs, biology provides the materials, not just the
metaphor.”
Research on the optogenetic muscle will appear in the journal Lab on a Chip.
[MIT News]