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Monday, August 6, 2012

Pluto has even colder “twin” of similar size, studies find

A “d­warf plan­et” or­bit­ing our sun three times fur­ther away than the dis­tant dwarf plan­et Plu­to is around the same size as that better-known, frig­id world, as­tro­no­mers have found.

Sci­en­tists took the mea­sure­ments when the fur­ther-off world, Er­is, made a rare oc­culta­t­ion—in which it passes in front of a dis­tant star, dim­ming its light slight­ly. Such an event pro­vides a means of de­ter­min­ing Er­is’ size and im­prov­ing our un­der­stand­ing of the ob­ject, ac­cord­ing to the re­searchers.

The in­ves­ti­ga­t­ion may al­so, they said, help ex­plain the un­usu­al bright­ness of Er­is, which was dis­cov­ered in 2005 and or­bits the Sun about 10 bil­lion km (six bil­lion miles) away on av­er­age.

Eris, named after a god­dess of Greek myth­o­logy, has a moon named after her daugh­ter, Dys­nom­ia. Ow­ing to the great dis­tances, meas­ur­ing the size or de­tect­ing a pu­ta­tive at­mos­phere for Eris is dif­fi­cult.

Af­ter the oc­culta­t­ion was seen in No­vem­ber 2010, Bru­no Si­cardy of the Pierre and Ma­rie Cu­rie Uni­vers­ity and Ob­serv­a­to­ry of Par­is and col­leagues meas­ured Er­is as about 2,326 km (2,011 miles) wide.

Plu­to, which was of­fi­cially re­clas­si­fied as a dwarf plan­et in 2006 af­ter be­ing con­sid­ered a plan­et for dec­ades, is an es­ti­mat­ed 2,300 to 2,400 km wide. Those es­ti­mat­ed dis­tances would make Earth five to six times wid­er than ei­ther dwarf plan­et.

As ex­pected, Er­is is round or nearly so, the usu­al shape for larg­er ce­les­tial ob­jects, said Sicardy and col­leagues. They al­so sug­gest its bright sur­face may be caused by a col­lapsed at­mos­phere, fro­zen by its cold en­vi­ron­ment. Er­is might de­vel­op an at­mos­phere si­m­i­lar to that of Plu­to when it or­bits clos­er to the Sun, they spec­u­lat­ed.

The find­ings are to ap­pear in the Oct. 27 is­sue of the re­search jour­nal Na­ture.

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